Engine Overview and Common Failures
The weight of the GA16DE engine according to the catalog is 150 kg. The engine number is located at the junction of the block and the gearbox. The cylinder block is made of cast iron, it is an inline, four-cylinder block with a cylinder diameter of 76 mm. The piston stroke is 88 mm, which gives a total engine displacement of 1597 cc. The aluminum pistons have a flat bottom and three ring grooves. The crankshaft is made of cast iron, it has five supports and four counterweights. The cylinder head is made of aluminum, it is a sixteen-valve head without hydraulic lash adjusters. The bearing housings of the two camshafts are machined together with the head. The diameter of the intake valves is 29.9-30.2 mm, the stem is 5.46-5.48 mm, and the length is 92.0-92.5 mm. The diameter of the exhaust valves is 23.9-24.2 mm, the stem is 5.44-5.46 mm, and the length is 92.4-92.9 mm. The timing mechanism consists of two chains with 54 and 80 links. Some markets use a variable valve timing system (NVCS) on the intake side. The valve clearances when hot are: intake 0.32-0.40 mm, exhaust 0.37-0.45 mm. The valve clearances when cold are: intake 0.25-0.33 mm, exhaust 0.32-0.40 mm. The lubrication system is pressure-fed by an oil pump driven by the crankshaft. The total engine oil capacity is 3.2 liters, but slightly more than 3.0 liters are required for an oil change. The non-disassembled oil filter has a capacity of 0.4 liters and a bypass valve. Oil from 5W-30 to 10W-40 is used, with API quality classes: SF, SG, SH, SJ. The cooling system circulates coolant by means of a forced pump. The centrifugal pump is driven by a serpentine belt from the crankshaft pulley. The coolant volume is 5.6 liters and the expansion tank has a capacity of 0.7 liters. The coolant should be replaced every 6 years or 100,000 kilometers. Fluctuating idle speed, hesitation, and jerking indicate either clogged idle control valves or faults in the mass air flow sensor readings. Usually, these symptoms can be cured by a simple cleaning, but sometimes replacement may be necessary, which can be expensive. Oil leaks should be checked periodically, especially the gasket of the crankcase ventilation, as this is where engine oil can get under the valve cover. The first sign of this situation under the hood is when the air filter is covered in oil. At mileages over 200,000 km, excessive oil consumption often occurs. In some cases, it can be solved by replacing piston rings or oil scraper caps, but more often a full and expensive overhaul is required. Chain stretch occurs at about the same mileage, causing noise in the area of the timing mechanism. If the chains are not replaced in time, the timing will be off, fuel consumption will increase, the engine will run unevenly, and there will be a risk of chain skip with very unpleasant consequences.